What to Wear to Church: Dressing with Respect and Style

Choosing the right outfit for church can often feel daunting. It’s about balancing respect for the sacred space with personal expression. Whether you’re attending a traditional service or a more contemporary gathering, understanding the expectations around church attire can enhance your experience and that of others.

The Importance of Appropriate Church Attire

Wearing suitable clothing to church is not just about aesthetics; it’s also about showing respect for the occasion and the community you are part of. Many congregations encourage attire that reflects dignity and reverence.

For example, wearing smart casual outfits such as dress shirts or blouses, paired with slacks or skirts, is typically a safe choice. Unlike a casual outing, where you might prefer jeans and T-shirts, church attire calls for something a notch above that.

Understanding Different Church Styles

Before dressing for church, it’s essential to consider the style of the congregation you’re visiting. Here are a few common types:

• Traditional Churches: Often expect formal attire; think suits, dresses, and dress shoes.
• Casual Churches: May embrace a more relaxed atmosphere where nice jeans and polo shirts are acceptable.
• Contemporary Places of Worship: Usually have a blend of both styles, welcoming both smart casual and formal wear.

Dress Codes and Expectations

It’s helpful to familiarize yourself with the dress codes of the specific church you plan to attend. For some, formal dresses or suits might be required, while others are much more lenient. Many congregations post guidelines on their official websites or welcome you to contact them directly for any inquiries.

Dressing for Special Occasions

Church events such as weddings, baptisms, and holiday services often have their own attire expectations. When dressing for these occasions, consider the following:

• Weddings: Women might wear cocktail dresses or formal gowns, while men could opt for suits or more formal attire.
• Baptisms: Light, airy outfits are usually suitable, with a note on modesty especially for children.
• Holiday Services: During seasonal celebrations like Christmas or Easter, festive but respectful outfits are encouraged.

General Guidelines for Women’s Church Attire

When considering what to wear to church as a woman, aim for outfits that are both stylish and respectful:

• Dresses and Skirts: Knee-length or longer dresses and skirts paired with blouses make excellent choices.
• Pantsuits: Tailored pantsuits offer a chic alternative that maintains elegance.
• Layering: A cardigan or blazer can complete the look and maintain modesty.

General Guidelines for Men’s Church Attire

Men, too, have many options when deciding what to wear to church:

• Dress Shirts: A well-ironed dress shirt paired with slacks is always a classic choice.
• Blazers: Adding a blazer can elevate a casual outfit to something more polished.
• Shoes: Dress shoes or loafers provide a finished look, even with smart casual outfits.

Accessories and Footwear: Completing the Look

Accessories and footwear play a key role in completing your church outfit.

• Women: Simple jewelry, such as stud earrings or delicate necklaces, can add elegance without overwhelming the outfit.
• Men: A classic watch can be a subtle yet stylish addition.

Footwear should also reflect the formality of your outfit. For women, closed-toe heels or flats are often preferred, while men should wear polished dress shoes suitable for the occasion.

Seasonal Considerations for Church Attire

Adapting your outfit to the seasons can enhance comfort and appropriateness:

• Spring/Summer: Light fabrics (like cotton or linen) are best for warmer months, allowing breathability.
• Fall/Winter: Layering is crucial; opt for heavier fabrics with stylish scarves or wraps for warmth while keeping classy.

How to Use Complementary Tools for Church Attire

Enhancing your church outfit extends beyond just clothing. Below are a few complementary tools that can amplify your overall look:

1. Fashion Apps

Using fashion apps can help you visualize different outfit combinations and make informed decisions about what to wear. Try using the Stylect app to find outfit inspirations based on occasions.

2. Personal Styling Services

• Tailored Suggestions: Services like Stitch Fix offer personalized recommendations, ensuring you select the right attire.
• Expert Guidance: Access to styling professionals can help you make the best choices for church attire.
• Convenience: They send clothing directly to your door, eliminating the need for shopping trips.
• Time-saving: Using these services saves time and ensures you look good in less time.

With services like Stitch Fix, you can discover outfits that reflect your style while adhering to church standards.

3. Cleaners and Tailoring Services

Your church attire should always look polished. Regular visits to a local dry cleaner, or using a reliable tailoring service, ensures your clothes fit well and look their best.

4. Online Tutorials and Style Guides

Resources on platforms like YouTube can provide valuable insights on pairing outfits and enhancing your look.

5. Virtual Styling Appointments

Consider scheduling a session with a virtual stylist who can help you choose the right attire for church and offer valuable tips on how to accessorize well for the occasion.

6. Wardrobe Organizers

Utilizing wardrobe organization apps can help track what you own, ensuring you have appropriate outfits ready for church every week.

7. Social Media Inspiration

Follow fashion influencers on Instagram who frequently share ideas for church outfits that align with your style, providing a constant source of inspiration.

8. Outfit Planning Tools

• Smart Scheduling: Tools like Cladwell help you curate outfits for the week based on your church schedule.
• Seasonal Adaptation: They remind you of seasonal adjustments needed for your attire.
• Time-saving: Outfits can be planned in advance, ensuring you never scramble last minute.
• Promotes Variety: Encourages you to wear a mix of clothing you might not pair otherwise.

Apps like Cladwell can be particularly helpful to keep your wardrobe functional and appropriate for church visits.

Tips for Choosing Church Attire for Children

Selecting the right clothing for children to wear to church involves additional considerations:

• Choose comfortable fabrics that allow for movement.
• Layer clothing to prepare for changing temperatures.
• Encourage children to choose colors or patterns they enjoy, fostering a positive experience.

Special Considerations for Youth Groups

Many churches have youth groups where the attire may differ significantly. Participants often dress more casually but should still avoid overly revealing items. Discussing expectations with the group leader can provide clarity on the appropriate dress code for youth events.

The Role of Cultural Context in Church Attire

It’s essential to recognize that church attire norms can vary greatly across different cultures and denominations. It is important to respect the traditions of the church you are attending, whether it means adhering strictly to formal attire or participating in a more relaxed clothing style.

In some cultures, vibrant colors or traditional garments are part of the worship experience and should always be embraced. Respect and understanding are crucial components when considering what to wear to church.

Final Thoughts: The Key to Dressing Well for Church

Ultimately, the key to what to wear to church is to blend respect, comfort, and personal style. Consider the culture of the church, the type of service, and your unique tastes. By integrating tools and services that help elevate your church attire decisions, you’ll feel confident and ready to engage in worship.

Remember, what you wear can provide an opportunity to express your thoughts and values as you gather in faith with others. 🌟

Understanding Church Dress Codes

Choosing the right outfit for church can be a meaningful decision. Different congregations have varying dress codes, influenced by factors such as culture, denomination, and the type of service being held. Some churches encourage formal attire, while others adopt a more relaxed approach. Understanding these nuances can help you select what to wear to church with confidence. 😇

Formal vs. Casual Attire

Many traditional churches prefer formal attire. Men may wear suits and ties, while women often choose dresses or skirts paired with blouses. In contrast, contemporary congregations may embrace a more casual stance, allowing clothing like nice jeans and polo shirts. By understanding these differences, you can ensure that your outfit aligns with the expectations of your chosen church.

The Role of Accessories

Accessories play a crucial role in church attire. For example, a simple necklace or watch can enhance a formal outfit without being distracting. While choosing what to wear to church, consider accessories that complement your look but maintain a humble appearance that is appropriate for worship.

Choosing Outfits for Different Seasons

The changing seasons can significantly influence your church wardrobe. Spring and summer may call for lighter fabrics and brighter colors, while autumn and winter might prompt heavier materials and darker tones.

Spring/Summer Outfits

• For Men: Light-colored dress shirts paired with slacks and loafers.
• For Women: Flowing dresses or skirts with sandals that promote comfort.

Autumn/Winter Outfits

• For Men: Tailored suits in darker colors worn with scarves for warmth.
• For Women: Long-sleeved dresses paired with cardigans and ankle boots.

Choosing weather-appropriate fabrics is also vital. Breathable materials are suitable for warmer months, whereas heavier fabrics can offer warmth during colder seasons.

Color Schemes and Trends

The colors you choose can express a sense of reverence or joy. Neutral tones like beige, navy, and black are often favored for their versatility. However, incorporating bright colors can bring a fresh air to your outfit, especially during festive seasons. When deciding what to wear to church, think about both the mood you want to convey and the overall message of your church.

Seasonal Trends

Fashion trends also cycle through the church-going community. For example, florals are popular in spring, while earthy tones dominate in fall. Staying updated on these trends while ensuring your selections remain respectful can enhance your experience during worship.

Footwear Choices

Comfortable shoes are a must for any church outfit. Since some church services involve standing for long periods, it’s essential to select appropriate footwear. Here are your options:

Formal Footwear

• Men: Dress shoes made from leather are recommended.
• Women: Heels or dressy flats that blend style and comfort.

Casual Footwear

• Men: Loafers or smart sneakers may be acceptable in relaxed environments.
• Women: Stylish sandals or casual flats complement a laid-back outfit.

Remember, practicality is key. Shoes should not only look good but be comfortable for prolonged wear.

Layering Techniques

Layering is an effective way to adapt your outfit to changing temperatures within the church. This approach allows for easy adjustments, making you more comfortable during varying service temperatures.

Layering for Men

Consider wearing a blazer over a dress shirt. This adds a touch of formality while providing an extra layer if the atmosphere becomes chilly. Similarly, if your church community leans towards very casual dress codes, a well-fitted cardigan can serve the same purpose.

Layering for Women

Women can maximize their attire options by incorporating scarves or light jackets, which can easily be removed if the temperature is warmer inside. Additionally, choosing versatile dresses that can work with different layers makes what to wear to church more adaptable.

Maintaining Modesty

Regardless of fashion trends, modesty remains a priority for many in choosing what to wear to church. Ensuring that outfits reflect personal values while adhering to the church’s culture is crucial.

Guidelines for Modesty

• Avoid overly revealing clothing, such as short skirts or low-cut tops.
• Consider the length of skirts and shorts; knee-length is a safe bet.
• Opt for clothing that fits well without being tight or clinging excessively to the body.

Understanding Cultural Norms

Every church may have unique cultural norms that affect their dress code. Engaging with members of the church or consulting the dress guidelines can clarify how to dress modestly while feeling comfortable and confident. By aligning your attire with the values of your church, you contribute to a respectful and worshipful atmosphere.

Using Complementary Tools for Planning Outfits

Combining the right tools with what to wear to church can enhance your experience and preparedness. Here are some strategies and tools to consider:

1. Outfit Planning Apps

Utilizing an outfit planning app like ClosetSpace can aid in visualizing what to wear. This tool allows you to upload pictures of your wardrobe and design outfits ahead of time. By keeping your church attire organized, you can quickly select what fits the occasion.

2. Style Guide Resources

Style guides available online can be a helpful resource. Consider looking into platforms like Pinterest for inspirational church outfit ideas. Here’s how this tool enhances choosing what to wear to church:

• Diverse Options: Find outfits that fit your style across various trends.
• Visual Inspiration: See how outfits come together, providing a clearer vision.
• Save Ideas: Keep your favorite looks saved in one place.
• Shareable Platforms: Easily share and discuss outfit ideas with friends or family.

3. Wardrobe Tracking Systems

Using a digital wardrobe tracking system can help you keep tabs on what you own. Tools like Clozer make it easy to catalog everything you have. This can expedite outfit selection for church services based on what you have available. Leaning on technology allows for a more curated experience when deciding what to wear to church.

4. Personal Shopping Services

If you’re struggling to find the right pieces, engaging services like Stitch Fix can simplify your shopping journey. These platforms offer personalized recommendations, ensuring you receive outfits that align with your style and church dress code.

5. Community and Social Media Platforms

Engage with fellow churchgoers through social media platforms to get feedback on what to wear. These interactions can help you gauge how your outfit will be received and adjust according to the church’s particular aesthetic and culture.

6. Fashion Blogs

Follow fashion bloggers who focus on church attire. Blogs often feature reviews about the latest trends in churchwear, providing tips on what to wear to church. Tap into the community to gain ideas that harmonize with your personal style.

7. Seamstress Services

Sometimes, ready-to-wear pieces may not fit perfectly. Local seamstress services can adjust your clothes, tailoring them to your specific measurements, and ensuring your outfits look polished for church attendance.

8. Online Shopping Websites

Shopping websites that specialize in church attire can be particularly helpful. Websites like ModLi focus specifically on modest fashion, ensuring that you find clothing that meets your needs for church outfits:

• User-Friendly Experience: Enjoy a streamlined shopping experience tailored to modest styles.
• Variety: Access a wide range of designs suitable for different body types.
• Community Feedback: Read reviews from others regarding fit and quality.
• Stylish Options: Discover modern pieces that also adhere to modesty standards.

9. Weather Forecast Apps

Incorporate weather apps to plan your outfits according to the forecast. Knowing if it might be chilly or sunny can help you select the right materials and layers for comfort during service.

10. Church Communication Platforms

Join communication platforms offered by your church. This engagement can keep you informed about dress codes for special events, leading to better preparation in your outfit choices.

Final Thoughts on Church Attire

Ultimately, choosing what to wear to church is about personal expression, respect, and comfort. Engage with your community, adhere to the church’s guidelines, and feel confident in how your attire reflects your faith. Remember, your choice of clothing can enhance your worship experience, helping you connect more deeply with the service and congregation.

Common Attire for Different Church Communities

What to Wear to Church: A Comprehensive Guide

Choosing the right outfit for church can often feel daunting. 🕊️ Whether you’re a regular member or a first-time visitor, understanding what to wear to church is essential for feeling comfortable and confident. From formal occasions to casual Sundays, this guide will help you navigate the dos and don’ts of church attire.

Understanding Church Cultures and Dress Codes

Different churches have varying dress codes shaped by their community, traditions, and values. It’s essential to know what to expect. Here’s a breakdown:

Formal Churches

In more traditional or formal churches, such as many Anglican or Catholic communities, attire typically leans towards the conservative. Men often wear suits or dress pants with a collared shirt, while women may opt for dresses or skirts, often accompanied by blouses. The key is to look polished and respectful.

Casual and Community-Focused Churches

Contemporary or non-denominational churches often embrace a casual approach. Attendees frequently wear smart-casual attire—think nice jeans and a clean shirt for men and stylish blouses or sundresses for women. The atmosphere is generally welcoming, encouraging comfort while maintaining a degree of respectfulness.

Seasonal Considerations

Depending on the time of year, you might adjust your wardrobe choices. For example, summer services might welcome lighter fabrics and more breathable styles, whereas winter may call for layers and warmer clothing.

Choosing the Right Outfit for Different Occasions

Understanding how to adapt your outfit for specific church events is crucial. This adaptability enhances your confidence and reflects respect for the occasion.

Sunday Services

Sunday services typically call for a more polished look. Men might wear dress shirts paired with chinos. In contrast, women may choose a midi dress or a smart blouse with a skirt. When selecting what to wear to church on Sundays, consider outfits that convey humility and reverence while still being comfortable.

Weddings and Special Ceremonies

For weddings or other special ceremonies held in churches, attire should align with the occasion’s significance. Men should aim for suits, while women can opt for formal dresses. Remember, the style must reflect the sanctity of the service but also allow you to express your personal taste.

Community Events and Gatherings

When attending casual gatherings like church picnics or outreach events, comfort is key. Men can wear polo shirts with shorts or casual trousers, while women might select flowy tops and capri pants or sundresses. The aim here is to enjoy the event while still looking presentable.

Accessorizing Your Church Outfit

The right accessories can elevate your outfit significantly. Here are a few suggestions:

Footwear

Footwear can make or break your outfit. For women, closed-toe flats are typically a safe choice, while men often go for loafers or dress shoes. Make sure that your shoes align with your overall outfit and the church’s dress code.

Outerwear

Depending on your local climate, consider adding a light jacket or cardigan. Not only will this enhance your outfit, but it will also provide comfort during varying temperature fluctuations inside the church.

Jewelry and Other Accessories

Keep jewelry minimal and tasteful to maintain the focus on the worship experience. Avoid overly flashy pieces. Simple earrings, a delicate necklace, or a classy watch are generally appealing.

Color Selection for Church Attire

The colors you wear can have a significant impact on your overall appearance. Here’s how to choose wisely:

Classic Choices

Neutral colors such as navy, gray, beige, and cream are excellent options for church. They exude sophistication without being overbearing. Using these tones as a base will also allow you to play with brighter accent colors in accessories.

Seasonal Colors

Embrace seasonal shades. For example:

• Spring: Pastels and floral patterns
• Summer: Bright and vibrant shades
• Autumn: Warm earth tones
• Winter: Deep, rich colors

These colors not only reflect the season but also keep your attire fresh and relevant.

How to Combine Outfit Choices with Other Tools

Integrating other tools can enhance your church experience. Here’s how:

1. Outfit Planning Apps

Using apps like Closet+ allows you to see your available options for what to wear to church. This tool helps in assembling outfits ahead of time, ensuring you always dress appropriately for any occasion. Check out Closet+ for effortless planning!

2. Online Style Guides

Style guides, such as those from Vogue, can offer useful insights into current fashion trends and what remains appropriate for church. Keeping informed through these guides ensures you always look your best.

• Fashion Inspiration: Browse for contemporary styles that align well with church values and trends.
• Event-Specific Tips: Receive suggestions tailored to special events and seasonal occasions.
• Mixing Styles: Learn how to balance creativity with tradition in your church outfits.
• Expert Advice: Get insights from fashion experts on how to wear seasonal colors effectively.

3. Virtual Stylist Services

Consider working with a virtual stylist to help curate your church wardrobe. Platforms like Stitch Fix provide personalized outfit selections, giving you tailored advice for what to wear to church based on your profile.

4. Local Tailoring Services

A good tailor can alter clothes to fit perfectly, which enhances how your chosen outfits sit on you. Investing in alterations can make a world of difference for church attire.

5. Weather Apps

Always check the weather before heading to church. Using apps like The Weather Channel ensures you’re prepared for unexpected climate changes.

6. Social Networking for Ideas

Join fashion-related groups on platforms like Instagram or Pinterest to gain inspiration and connect with others about what to wear to church!

7. Dress Code Awareness in Church Groups

Stay informed about your church’s dress code guidelines through newsletters or forums. This ensures your outfits align with expectations.

8. Thrift Stores and Pre-owned Fashion

Thrift stores can be treasure troves of unique pieces. Shopping pre-owned for what to wear to church can save money while keeping your wardrobe stylish and sustainable. Check stores like Goodwill for local finds!

• Unique Finds: Discover one-of-a-kind clothing that reflects your personality.
• Budget-Friendly: Save money while enhancing your church wardrobe.
• Sustainable Fashion: Make environmentally conscious choices by shopping second-hand.
• Community Support: Contribute to local charities by supporting thrift stores.

9. Linked-Inspirations for Outfits

Use social media to follow hashtags related to what to wear to church. This active engagement can spark new outfit ideas.

10. Booking a Personal Shopper

Consider using personal shopping services offered by retailers. Having a professional suggest outfits suitable for church can provide a fresh perspective. Services from stores like Nordstrom offer this kind of assistance.

Final Tips for Dressing for Church

Keep these vital tips in mind as you decide what to wear to church:

• Dress according to the specific event—worship services, weddings, or casual gatherings all call for different outfits.
• Comfort and confidence should be priorities. You want to focus on your worship experience, not on discomfort.
• When in doubt, opt for classic, conservative styles that can be dressed up or down.
• Use accessories wisely to enhance, not overshadow, your outfit.

By keeping these ideas in mind, you will always be well-prepared and stylish whenever you attend church services. Remember, it’s not仅 what you wear; it’s the intention and respect behind your choice that truly matters.

The Role of Personal Expression in Church Outfits

What to Wear to Church: A Comprehensive Guide

Are you preparing for a visit to your local church? 🌟 Navigating the appropriate attire can sometimes be confusing. This guide will enlighten you on what to wear to church, emphasizing both style and respect for the worship environment.

Understanding Church Dress Codes

Different denominations and congregations might have varying expectations regarding attire. While some churches embrace casual attire, others may prefer more formal looks. Regardless of the style, the key is to dress respectfully. When considering what to wear to church, think about the following factors:

Type of Service

Casual services might allow for jeans and tasteful tops, while more formal services could warrant dresses or suits. Check the church’s website or ask fellow congregants what is typically worn.

Seasonal Considerations

Season plays a significant role in your outfit choices. In winter, layers and heavier fabrics can keep you warm, while summer might call for lighter materials. Embrace seasonal colors to enhance your overall appearance.

Men’s Attire: Classic Choices

For men, what to wear to church often leans towards smart-casual or formal attire depending on the church’s atmosphere. Here are some suggested outfits:

Smart Casual Looks

• Button-Up Shirts: Opt for solid colors or subtle patterns.
• Slacks or Chinos: A step up from jeans, offering a polished look.
• Smart Shoes: Leather loafers or dress shoes can complete the look effectively.

Formal Options

• Suit and Tie: Perfect for more formal services.
• Polo Shirts: Great for a relaxed yet polished appearance.
• Sport Coat: Adds a touch of elegance without being overly formal.

Women’s Attire: Elegant Choices

Women’s styles can vary widely, from dresses to tailored pants. Here’s what to consider when deciding what to wear to church:

Dresses and Skirts

• Maxi Dresses: Comfortable and elegant, especially in warmer months.
• Pencil Skirts: Pair with blouses for a sophisticated look.
• Midi Dresses: These balance style and modesty well.

Pants and Blouses

• Tailored Pants: These provide a chic alternative to dresses.
• Blouses: Consider fabrics like silk or cotton for a refined style.
• Cardigans: Perfect for layering and adding warmth.

Footwear Considerations

Footwear can either elevate or detract from your overall outfit. Here’s what to keep in mind:

Men’s Footwear

• Dress Shoes: Leather or faux-leather options elevate your look.
• Loafers: Comfortable and polished, suitable for smart-casual outfits.

Women’s Footwear

• Flats or Low Heels: Ideal choices that are comfortable for a long service.
• Dressy Sandals: Depending on the season, these can be stylish yet respectful.

Accessorizing Your Outfit

Accessories can bring your entire look together. Consider subtle yet tasteful jewelry, such as:

For Men

• Wristwatch: A classic timepiece can make a statement.
• Belt: Match it to your shoes for a cohesive appearance.

For Women

• Earrings and Necklaces: Choose pieces that complement your outfit without overpowering it.
• Scarves: Adding a scarf can incorporate color and texture.

Grooming and Personal Care

First impressions matter. Pay attention to grooming—neat hair, clean nails, and a fresh scent can enhance your appearance. Here are some tips:

• Hairstyling: Keep hair neat and styled, appropriate for your outfit.
• Personal Hygiene: Ensure good hygiene practices, including fresh breath and a clean appearance.

Complementary Tools and Products

Using the right tools can enhance your overall look while adhering to the theme of what to wear to church. Here are some suggestions:

• Ironing Equipment: A high-quality iron can ensure your clothes look crisp. Consider checking out Breville’s Steam Iron for its speedy performance.
• Cedar Shoe Inserts: These will help maintain the shape of your shoes and keep them odor-free, making them perfect for church. Use Woodlore Cedar Inserts to absorb moisture and ensure freshness.
• Stain Removers: Always handy for emergencies. Brands like OxiClean offer reliable solutions.
• Clothing Refreshers: Products such as Febreze can keep your outfit smelling fresh between washes.

Enhancing Your Appearance with Ironing Tools

Ironing Equipment can dramatically improve the appearance of your outfits:

• Quick Heating: Most modern irons heat up rapidly, making the ironing process efficient.
• Steam Options: Steam features help to eliminate wrinkles without damaging delicate fabrics.
• Weight: Lighter irons are easier to handle and reduce fatigue during longer sessions.
• Versatility: Great for shirts, dresses, and even pants, making them indispensable for effective preparation.

Odor Elimination with Cedar Inserts

Using Cedar Shoe Inserts is not just practical; it enhances your footwear as well:

• Moth Repellent: Cedar naturally repels pests that can damage fabrics.
• Moisture Absorption: Helps to absorb sweat, preventing odor buildup in shoes.
• Comfort Enhancer: Provides a soft base that adds comfort when wearing shoes for longer periods.
• Durability: Cedar wood lasts longer than synthetic materials, offering great value.

FAQs About What to Wear to Church

To address your most pressing questions about what to wear to church, here are some of the most common queries along with their answers:

Can I wear jeans to church?

It largely depends on the church’s dress code. Many congregations accept smart jeans if paired with a nice shirt.

Are there specific colors I should avoid?

While personal expression is encouraged, overly bright or flashy colors might distract from the service. Neutral tones or soft pastels usually work well.

What about fragrance?

It’s best to wear a light scent, as some congregants may have sensitivities. Opt for something subtle.

Conclusion

Ultimately, when deciding what to wear to church, consider the church’s atmosphere, follow dress codes, and allow your personal style to shine through while being respectful. By combining the right outfit with complementary tools, you’ll not only look great but also feel confident in your choices.